Underground: NOTES

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Chapter 1

1. Words And Music by Rob Hirst/Martin Rotsey/James Moginie/Peter Garrett/Peter Gifford. (c) Copyright 1982 Sprint Music. Administered for the World--Warner/ Chappell Music Australia Pty Ltd. Used By Permission.

2. I have relied on numerous wire service reports, particularly those of UPI Science Reporter William Harwood, for many of my descriptions of Galileo and the launch.

3. William Harwood, `NASA Awaits Court Ruling on Shuttle Launch Plans', UPI, 10 October 1989.

4. William Harwood, `Atlantis "Go" for Tuesday Launch', UPI, 16 October 1989.

5. Ibid.

6. From NASA's World Wide Web site.

7. Thomas A. Longstaff and E. Eugene Schulz, `Analysis of the WANK and OILZ Worms', Computer and Security, vol. 12, no. 1, February 1993, p. 64.

8. Katie Haffner and John Markoff, Cyberpunk, Corgi, London 1994, p. 363.

9. The Age, 22 April 1996, reprinted from The New York Times.

10. DEC, Annual Report, 1989, listed in `SEC Online'.

11. GEMTOP was corrected to GEMPAK in a later advisory by CIAC.

12. `Officially' was spelled incorrectly in the original banner.

13. This advisory is printed with the permission of CIAC and Kevin Oberman. CIAC requires the publication of the following disclaimer:

This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor the University of California, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial products, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation or favouring by the United States Government or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.

14. Michael Alexander and Maryfran Johnson, `Worm Eats Holes in NASA's Decnet', Computer World, 23 October 1989, p. 4.

15. Ibid.

16. William Harwood, `Shuttle Launch Rained Out', UPI, 17 October 1989.

17. Vincent Del Guidice, `Atlantis Set for Another Launch Try', UPI, 18 October 1989.

18. William Harwood, `Astronauts Fire Galileo on Flight to Jupiter', UPI, 18 October 1989.

Chapter 2

2. FIRST was initially called CERT System. It was an international version of CERT, the Computer Emergency Response Team, funded by the US Department of Defense and run out of Carnegie Mellon University.

3. OTC was later merged with Telecom to become Telstra.

4. Stuart Gill is described in some detail in Operation Iceberg; Investigation of Leaked Confidential Police Information and Related Matters, Ordered to be printed by the Legislative Assembly of Victoria, October 1993.

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

2. The full text of the articles, used by permission News Ltd and Helen Meredith, is:

3. From Operation Iceberg; Investigations and Recommendations into Allegations of Leaked Confidential Police Information, included as Appendix 1 in the report of the Deputy Ombudsman, Operation Iceberg; Investigation of Leaked Confidential Police Information and Related Matters.

4. Ibid., pp. 26-7.

5. Michael Alexander, `International Hacker "Dave" Arrested', Computer World, 9 April 1990, p. 8.

6. Matthew May, `Hacker Tip-Off', The Times, 5 April 1990; Lou Dolinar, `Australia Arrests Three in Computer Break-Ins', Newsday, 3 April 1990.

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

2. Rupert Battcock, `The Computer Misuse Act Five years on--the Record since 1990', paper, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, UK.

3. For the British material in this chapter, I have relied on personal interviews, media reports (particularly for the Wandii case), journal articles, academic papers and commission reports.

4. Colin Randall, `Teenage Computer Hacker "Caused Worldwide Chaos"', Daily Telegraph, 23 February 1993.

5. The local phone company agreed to reduce the bill to3000, EORTIC information systems manager Vincent Piedboeuf told the court.

6. Susan Watts, `Trial Haunted by Images of Life in the Twilight Zone', The Independent, 18 March 1993.

7. Toby Wolpe, `Hacker Worked on Barclay's Software', Computer Weekly, 4 March 1993.

8. David Millward, `Computer Hackers Will be Pursued, Vow Police', Daily Telegraph, 19 March 1993.

9. Chester Stern, `Hackers' Threat to Gulf War Triumph', Mail on Sunday, 21 March 1993.

10. `Crimes of the Intellect--Computer Hacking', editorial, The Times, 20 March 1993.

11. `Owners Must Act to Put End to Computer Hacker "Insanity"', South China Morning Post, 30 March 1993.

12. Nick Nuttall, `Hackers Stay Silent on Court Acquittal', The Times, 19 March 1993.

13. Melvyn Howe, Press Association Newsfile, Home News section, 21 May 1993.

Chapter 8

2. This is an edited version.

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

1. Words And Music by Rob Hirst/James Moginie/Martin Rotsey/Andrew James. (c) Copyright 1978 Sprint Music. Administered for the World--Warner/Chappell Music Australia Pty Ltd and Andrew James. Used By Permission.

Chapter 11

1. Words And Music by James Moginie (lyrics adapted from the book The Great Prawn War And Other Stories by Dennis Kevans). (c) Copyright 1984 Sprint Music. Administered for the World--Warner/Chappell Music Australia Pty Ltd. Used By Permission.

Afterword

1. Victorian Ombudsman, Operation Iceberg; Investigation of Leaked Confidential Police Information and Related Matters.

2. The police report was printed as an appendix in the Ombudsman's report. See Chapter 5, note 1, above.

3. Australian Federal Police, Annual Report, 1995-1996, p. 7.

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